1996-97 Term

Back Row (left to right): Ginsburg, Souter, Thomas, Breyer
Front Row (left to right): Scalia, Stevens, Rehnquist, O'Connor, Kennedy

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Biographical Data

Birth, Residence, and Family

Ruth Bader Ginsburg was born March 15, 1933, in Brooklyn, New York, the daughter of Nathan Bader and Celia Amster Bader. In 1954, she married Martin D. Ginsburg, now a professor of tax law at Georgetown University Law Center. They have two children: Jane C. Ginsburg, a professor at Columbia Law School, and James S. Ginsburg, a producer of classical recordings.

Education

Elementary and high schools: P.S. 238 and James Madison High School, Brooklyn, New York. College: Cornell University, Phi Beta Kappa, Phi Kappa Phi, B.A. 1954, with high honors in Government and distinction in all subjects, College of Arts and Sciences Class Marshal. Law schools: attended Harvard Law School (1956-58), Harvard Law Review; Columbia Law School, LL.B. (J.D.) 1959, Columbia Law Review, Kent Scholar.

Judicial Offices

Nominated by President Carter to United States Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia Circuit; took oath of office June 30, 1980. Nominated by President Clinton as Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States; took oath of office August 10, 1993.

Law Clerkship

Clerk to the Honorable Edmund L. Palmieri, United States District Court, Southern District of New York (1959-61).

Law Teaching

Columbia Law School Project on International Procedure: Research Associate (1961-62), Associate Director (1962-63); Rutgers University School of Law: Professor (1963-72); Columbia Law School: Professor (1972-80); Center for Advanced Study in the Behavioral Sciences (Stanford, California): Fellow (1977-78). Faculties visited: New York University School of Law (Spring 1968), Harvard Law School (Fall 1971), University of Amsterdam (Summer 1975), University of Strasbourg (Summer 1975), Salzburg Seminar in American Studies (Summer 1984), Aspen Institute (Summer 1990).

Law Practice and Professional Activities

Admitted to New York Bar in 1959 and District of Columbia Bar in 1975. American Civil Liberties Union: Women's Rights Project, Founder and Counsel (1972-80); General Counsel (1973-80); National Board of Directors (1974-80). Other affiliations include: American Bar Foundation Board of Directors, Executive Committee, and Secretary (1979-89), American Bar Association Journal Board of Editors (1972-78); ABA Section of Individual Rights and Responsibilities, Council Member (1975-81); American Law Institute, Council Member (1978-1993); American Academy of Arts and Sciences, Fellow (1982-); Council on Foreign Relations (1975-).

Legal Writing

Books authored include: Civil Procedure in Sweden (1965) (with Anders Bruzelius); Text, Cases, and Materials on Sex-Based Discrimination (1974) (with Herma Hill Kay and Kenneth M. Davidson). Has contributed numerous articles to law reviews and other periodicals on civil procedure, conflict of laws, constitutional law, and comparative law.

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Biographical Data

Birth, Residence, and Family

Born September 17, 1939 in Melrose, Massachusetts, son of Joseph Alexander and Helen Adams Hackett Souter.

Education

Harvard College, A.B. 1961, Phi Beta Kappa, selected Rhodes Scholar; Magdalen College, Oxford, 1963, A.B. in Jurisprudence 1989, M.A. 1989; Harvard Law School, LL.B. 1966.

Law Practice

Associate, Orr and Reno, Concord, NH, 1966-1968.

Government Service

Assistant Attorney General of New Hampshire, 1968-1971; Deputy Attorney General of New Hampshire, 1971-1976; Attorney General of New Hampshire, 1976-1978.

Judicial Offices

Associate Justice, New Hampshire Superior Court, 1978-1983; Associate Justice, New Hampshire Supreme Court, 1983-1990; Judge, U.S. Court of Appeals for the First Circuit, 1990; Associate Justice, Supreme Court of the United States, 1990.

Other Assignments

Maine-New Hampshire Interstate Boundary Commission, 1971-1975; New Hampshire Police Standards and Training Council, 1976-1978; New Hampshire Governor's Commission on Crime and Delinquency, 1976-1978, 1979-1983; New Hampshire Judicial Council, 1976-1978.

Civic Activities

Trustee, Concord Hospital, Concord, New Hampshire, 1972-1985, President 1978-1984; Trustee, New Hampshire Historical Society, 1976-1985; Vice President, 1970-1985, Overseer, Dartmouth Medical School, 1981-1987.

Affiliations with Professional Organizations and Academic Institutions

Merrimack County Bar Association; New Hampshire Bar Association; American Bar Association; Honorary Fellow, American Bar Foundation; National Association of Attorneys General; Honorary Fellow, American College of Trial Lawyers; Honorary Master of the Bench, Gray's Inn, London; Honorary Fellow, Magdalen College, Oxford; Associate, Lowell House, Harvard College.

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Biographical Data

Birth, Residence, and Family

Born June 28, 1948 in the Pinpoint community, near Savannah, Georgia. Married Virginia Lamp, May 30, 1987. Child: Jamal Adeen.

Education

Conception Seminary, 1967-1968: Holy Cross College, A.B. cum laude. Alpha Sigma Nu, Purple Key. Yale Law School, J.D., 1974.

Law Practice

Admitted to Missouri Bar 1974. Attorney, Monsanto Company, 1977-1979.

Government Service

Assistant Attorney General of Missouri, 1974-1977; Legislative assistant to Senator John C. Danforth of Missouri, 1979-1981; Assistant Secretary for Civil Rights, U.S. Department of Education, 1981-1982; Chairman U. S. Equal Employment Opportunity Com mission 1982-1990.

Judicial Offices

Nominated by President Bush to the U.S. Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia Circuit: took oath of office, March 12, 1990.

Nominated by President Bush as Associate Justice of the United States Supreme Court: took oath of office October 23, 1991.

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Biographical Data

Birth, Residence, and Family

Stephen Breyer was born August 15, 1938, in San Francisco, California, the son of Irving G. Breyer and Anne R. Breyer. He married Joanna Hare, September 4, 1967. They have three children: Chloe (born 1969); Nell (born 1971) and Michael (born 1974).

Education

Attended public elementary and high schools (Lowell High School) in San Francisco; Stanford University, A.B. 1959, Great Distinction; Oxford University, Magdalen College, Marshall Scholar, B.A., 1st Class Honors, 1961; Harvard Law School, LL.B., magna cum laude, 1964, Harvard Law Review, articles editor.

Law Clerkship

Clerk to the Honorable Arthur J. Goldberg, Associate Justice, Supreme Court of the United States, 1964-1965.

Law Teaching

Harvard University; Assistant Professor, 1967-1970; Professor of Law, 1970-1980; Professor, Kennedy School of Government, 1977-1980; Lecturer, 1980-present. Visiting Professor, College of Law, Sydney, Australia, 1975; University of Rome, 1993.

Judicial Offices

Judge, U.S. Court of Appeals for the First Circuit, December 10, 1980 (nominated by President Carter); Chief Judge, 1990-1994; Associate Justice, Supreme Court of the United States, August 3, 1994 (nominated by President Clinton); Member, Judicial Conference of the United States, 1990-1994; Member, U.S. Sentencing Commission, 1985-1989.

Government Service

Special Assistant to the Assistant Attorney General (Antitrust), Department of Justice, 1965-1967; Assistant Special Prosecutor, Watergate Special Prosecution Force, 1973; Special Counsel, U.S. Senate Judiciary Committee, Subcommittee on Administrative Practices, 1974-1975; Chief Counsel, U.S. Senate Judiciary Committee, 1979-1980.

Published Works

Breaking the Vicious Circle: Toward Effective Risk Regulation (Harvard University Press (1993), Regulation and Its Reform (Harvard University Press (1982), Administrative Law and Regulatory Policy (Little Brown 3rd ed. 1992) (with Richard Stewart); The Federal Power Commission and the Regulation of Energy (with Paul MacAvoy) (Brookings 1974). Has contributed numerous articles to legal journals primarily on the subjects of administrative law and economic regulation.

Civic and Professional Activities

Trustee: University of Massachusetts (1974-1981); Trustee: Dana Farber Cancer Institute (1977-____); Member, American Academy of Arts and Sciences; American Law Institute, American Bar Association.

Recreation

Bicycling, jogging, cooking and reading.

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Biographical Data

Birth, Residence, and Family

Born March 11, 1936 in Trenton, NJ. Married Maureen McCarthy, September 10, 1960. Children: Ann Forrest, Eugene, John Francis, Catherine Elisabeth, Mary Clare, Paul David, Matthew, Christopher James, and Margaret Jane.

Education

Georgetown University and University of Fribourg (Switzerland), A.B., 1957; Harvard, LL.B., 1960; note editor, Harvard Law Review; Sheldon fellow, Harvard University, 1960-61.

Government Service

General counsel, Office of Telecommunications Policy, Executive Office of the President, 1971-72; chairman, Administrative Conference of the United States, 1972-74; Assistant Attorney General, Office of Legal Counsel, U. S. Department of Justice, 1974-77.

Law Practice

Admitted to the Ohio Bar, 1962, Virginia Bar, 1970; in private practice with Jones, Day, Cockley and Reavis, Cleveland, Ohio, 1961-67.

Law Teaching

Professor of law, University of Virginia, 1967-74 (on leave 1971-74); scholar in residence, American Enterprise Institute, 1977; visiting professor of law, Georgetown University, 1977; professor of law, University of Chicago, 1977-82; visiting professor of law, Stanford University, 1980-81.

Judicial Offices

Nominated by President Reagan to U. S. Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia Circuit; took oath of office August 17, 1982

Nominated by President Reagan as Associate Justice of the United States Supreme Court; took oath of office September 26, 1986.

Other Offices

Editor, Regulation Magazine, 1979-82; chairman, ABA Section of Administrative Law, 1981-82; chairman, ABA Conference of Section Chairmen, 1982-83; board of visitors, J. Reuben Clark Law School, Brigham Young University, 1978-81.

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Biographical Data

Birth, Residence, and Family

Born April 20, 1920 in Chicago, Illinois, son of Ernest James and Elizabeth Street. Married Elizabeth Jane Sheeren June 1942; Married, Maryan Mulholland Simon, December 1979. Children: John Joseph, Kathryn Stevens Jedlicka, Elizabeth Jane and Susan Roberta.

Education

Elementary and preparatory schools: University of Chicago Laboratory School. College: University of Chicago, A.B. degree, English Lit., 1941; Phi Beta Kappa; Psi Upsilon. Law School: Northwestern University Juris Doctor, magna cum laude, 1947; Co-editor Illinois Law Review; Order of the Coif; Phi Delta Phi.

Law Clerkship

Clerk to the Honorable Clerk to the Honorable Wiley Rutledge, Associate Justice, Supreme Court of the United States, October 1947-July 1948.

Law Practice

Admitted to Illinois Bar, 1949. Associate, Poppenhusen, Johnston, Thompson and Raymond, Chicago, Illinois, 1950-1952; Partner, Rothschild, Stevens, Barry and Myers, Chicago, Illinois, 1952-1970.

Law Teaching

Lecturer, Antitrust Law, Northwestern University School of Law 1950-1954; University of Chicago Law School, 1955-1958.

Judicial Offices

Nominated by President Nixon to the United States Court of Appeals for the Seventh Circuit, succeeding Elmer J. Schnackenberg, confirmed by the United States Senate on October 14, 1970; and took oath of office on November 2, 1970.

Nominated by President Ford as Associate Justice of the United States Supreme Court on December 1, 1975; confirmed by the United States Senate on December 17, 1975; and took oath of office on December 19, 1975.

Bar Association Memberships

Illinois Bar Association; Chicago Bar Association (2nd Vice President when appointed to Bench; served as Chairman of the Antitrust Law Committee, the Committee on Judicial Candidates and the Committee on the Judiciary; and also as a member of the Board of Managers); Federal Bar Association: American Law Institute. American Judicature Society.

Other Assignments

Associate Counsel, Subcommittee on The Study of Monopoly Power Committee on the Judiciary, United States House of Representatives, 1951-1952. Member of the Attorney General's National Committee to Study the Antitrust Laws, 1953-1955. Chief Counsel to the Special Commission appointed by the Illinois Supreme Court to investigate integrity of the judgment of People v. Isaacs, 1969. Member of Faculty--Salzburg Seminar In American Studies, July 1978; Appellate Judges Seminar, New York University School of Law, July 1979.

Military Service

United States Navy, 1942-1945, Bronze Star.

Legal Writings

"Mr. Justice Rutledge" by John Paul Stevens, Chapter in book entitled "Mr. Justice" edited by Dunham and Kurland;

"Monopoly or Monopolization--A Reply to Professor Rostow " by Edward R. Johnston and John Paul Stevens, 44 Ill. L. Rev. 269;

"Defense of Meeting the Lower Price of a Competitor" by John Paul Stevens, 1953 Summer Institute on Federal Antitrust Laws, University of Michigan Law School;

"Tying Arrangements" by John Paul Stevens, Conference on the Antitrust Laws and the Attorney General's Committee Report, p. 135;

"The Regulation of Railroads" by John Paul Stevens, Vol. 19, p. 355, Proceedings of A.B.A. Section of Antitrust Law;

"Effect on Competition Under the Robinson Patman Act" by John Paul Stevens, Proceedings of the Fifth Annual Corporate Counsel Institute, p. 31;

Contributor to "Antitrust Developments--1955-1968," a Supplement to Report of the Attorney General's National Committee to Study the Antitrust Laws;

"Cost Justification" by John Paul Stevens, Antitrust Bulletin, Vol. 8, No. 3, p. 413 (1963);

"The Office of an Office" by John Paul Stevens, The Chicago Bar Record (May-June Issue 1974);

"Some Thoughts and Reflections on the Litigation Explosion and How it Has Affected the Court's Ability to Cope With the Problem" by John Paul Stevens, 65 Illinois Bar Journal 508 (1977);

"Some Thoughts About a General Rule" by John Paul Stevens, 21 Ariz. L. Rev. 599 (1980);

"Some Thoughts on Judicial Restraint" by John Paul Stevens, 66 Judicature 177 (1982);

The James Madison 1982 Lecture: "The Life Span of a Judge-Made Rule," 58 N.Y.U. L. Rev. 1 (1983);

"Introductory Comment" by John Paul Stevens, 75 Northwestern Univ. L. Rev. 977 (Feb. 1981);

"Reflections on the Removal of Sitting Judges" by John Paul Stevens, XIII Stetson L. Rev. 215 (Winter 1984);

"Justice John Paul Stevens Speaks at Constitution Day Program" by John Paul Stevens, State of the Union, Union League Club of Chicago, Nov. 1984, p. 6;

"Judicial Restraint" by John Paul Stevens, 22 San Diego L. Rev. 437 (May/June 1985);

"Professor Edward H. Levi" by John Paul Stevens, 52 Univ. of Chicago L. Rev. 290 (Spring 1985);

"Legal Questions in Perspective" by John Paul Stevens, 13 Florida State Univ. L. Rev. 1 (Spring 1985);

"Addresses--Construing the Constitution" in part by John Paul Stevens, Original Address at Luncheon Meeting of the Federal Bar Association, 19 U.C. Davis L. Rev. 1 (Fall 1985);

"The Third Branch of Liberty" by John Paul Stevens, Second Robert B. Cole Lecture, 41 Univ. of Miami L. Rev. 277, (Dec. 1986);

"Remarks on the U.S. Supreme Court--Its Work, Its Workload, and the Appropriate Scope of Its Work" by John Paul Stevens, Oct. 1985 address to the FBA's Chicago Chapter, Federal Bar News & Journal, Vol. 33, No. 3, March 1986, p. 109;

"Address of Justice John Paul Stevens" by John Paul Stevens, 9 Univ. of Hawaii 1 (Summer 1987);

"A Judge's Use of History" by John Paul Stevens, The First Thomas E. Fairchild Lecture, Sept. 9, 1988, An Occasional Paper from the Univ. of Wisconsin Law School

Recreation

Golf, tennis, flying, bridge, reading and travel.

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Biographical Data

Birth, Residence, and Family

Born October 1, 1924, in Milwaukee, Wisconsin, the son of William Benjamin Rehnquist and Margery Peck Rehnquist. Married Natalie Cornell of San Diego, California; Children: James, born 1955, Janet, born 1957; Nancy, born 1959. The family are members of Emmanuel Lutheran Church, Bethesda, Maryland.

Education

Attended public elementary and high schools in Shorewood, Wisconsin, a suburb of Milwaukee. Stanford University, B.A., M.A. 1948; Phi Beta Kappa; Harvard University, M.A., 1950; Stanford University, LL.B., 1952; Order of the Coif.

Law Clerkship

Clerk to Justice Robert H. Jackson, Supreme Court of the United States, February 1952-June 1953.

Law Practice

Private practice of law, Phoenix, Arizona, 1953-1969. Engaged in a general practice of law with primary emphasis on civil litigation.

Government Service

Served in the United States Army Air Corps in this country and overseas from 1943 to 1946. Discharged with the rank of sergeant. Appointed Assistant Attorney General, Office of Legal Counsel, by President Nixon in January 1969.

Judicial Offices

Nominated Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States by President Nixon on October 21, 1971; sworn in on January 7, 1972.

Nominated Chief Justice of the United States by President Reagan on June 17, 1986; sworn in on September 26, 1986.

Other Activities

Active in professional, civic, and church affairs while living in Phoenix. Contributor of articles on legal subjects to various periodicals.

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Biographical Data

Birth, Residence, and Family

Born March 26, 1930 in El Paso, Texas, daughter of Harry A. Day and Ada Mae Wilkey Day. Married John Jay O'Connor III in 1952. Three sons, Scott, Brian, and Jay.

Education

Stanford University, B.A., 1950, magna cum laude; LL.B., 1952, Order of the Coif, Board of Editors, Stanford Law Review.

Judicial Offices

Nominated by President Reagan as Associate Justice of the United States Supreme Court on July 7, 1981; confirmed by the United States Senate on September 22, 1981; and took oath of office on September 25, 1981.
Appointed to the Arizona Court of Appeals by Governor Bruce Babbitt and served from 1979 to 1981.
Elected judge of the Maricopa County Superior Court, Phoenix, Arizona. and served from 1975 to 1979.

Legislative Offices

Appointed State Senator in 1969 and subsequently reelected to two two-year terms, serving in the Arizona State Senate from 1969 to 1975; elected Senate Majority Leader in 1972: served as Chairman of the State, County, and Municipal Affairs Committee in 1972 and 1973; also served on the Legislative Council, on the Probate Code Commission, and on the Arizona Advisory Council on Intergovernmental Relations.

Legal Positions

Deputy County Attorney, San Mateo County, California, 1952 to 1953; Civilian Attorney for Quartermaster Market Center, Frankfurt, Germany, 1954 to 1957; private practice of law in Maryvale, Arizona, 1958 to 1960; Assistant Attorney General, Arizona, 1965 to 1969.

Civic Activities

Member, National Board of the Smithsonian Associates, 1981 to present; President, member, Board of Trustees, The Heard Museum, 1968 to 1974, 1976 to 1981; member, Salvation Army Advisory Board, 1975 to 1981; member, Vice President, Soroptimist Club of Phoenix, 1978 to 1981; member, Board of Visitors, Arizona State University Law School, 1981; member, Liaison Committee on Medical Education, 1981; member, Advisory Board, and Vice President, National Conference of Christians and Jews, Maricopa County, 1977 to 1981; member, Board of Trustees, Stanford University, 1976 to 1981; member, Board of Directors, and Secretary, Arizona Academy, 1969 to 1975; member, Board of Junior Achievement, Arizona, 1975 to 1979; member, Board of Directors, Phoenix Historical Society, 1974 to 1978.

Other Activities

Member, Anglo-American Exchange, 1980; Chairman, Arizona Supreme Court Committee to Reorganize Lower Courts, 1974-75; Chairman, Maricopa County Bar Association Lawyer Referral Service, 1960-62; former member, State Bar of Arizona Committees on Legal Aid, Public Relations, Lower Court Reorganization, Continuing Legal Education; Chairman, Maricopa County Juvenile Detention Home Visiting Board, 1963-64; Chairman, Maricopa County Superior Court Judges' Training and Education Committee, 1977-79; member, National Defense Advisory Committee on Women in the Services, 1974-76; member, Arizona State Personnel Commission, 1968-69; Vice Chairman, Arizona Select Law Enforcement Review Commission, 1979-80; member, Maricopa County Board of Adjustments and Appeals, 1963-64; member, Arizona Criminal Code Commission, 1974-76.

Memberships in Professional Organizations

American Bar Association, State Bar of Arizona, State Bar of California, Maricopa County Bar Association, Arizona Judges' Association, National Association of Women Judges, Arizona Women Lawyers' Association.

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Biographical Data

Born July 23, 1936 in Sacramento, California. Married Mary Davis, June 29, 1963; Children: Justin Anthony, Gregory Davis, and Kristin Marie.

Education

Stanford University, 1954-57; London School of Economics, 1957-58; Stanford University, B.A., 1958; Harvard Law School, LL.B., 1961.

Law Practice

Admitted to California bar, 1962; U. S. Tax Court bar, 1971; Associate, Thelen, Marrin, John & Bridges, San Francisco, 1961-63; sole practitioner, Sacramento, 1963-67; partner, Evans, Jackson & Kennedy, Sacramento, 1967-75.

Law Teaching

Professor of constitutional law, McGeorge School of Law, University of the Pacific, 1965-1988.

Judicial Offices

Nominated by President Ford to U. S. Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit; took oath of office May 30, 1975.

Nominated by President Reagan as Associate Justice of the United States Supreme Court; took oath of office February 18, 1988.

Other Offices

California Army National Guard, 1961; member, the Judicial Conference of the United States Advisory Panel on Financial Disclosure Reports and Judicial Activities, subsequently renamed the Advisory Committee on Codes of Conduct, 1979-87; the Committee on Pacific Territories, 1979-1988, named chairman 1982; board of the Federal Judicial Center, 1987-1988; American Bar Association, Sacramento County Bar Association, State Bar of California, Phi Beta Kappa; board of student advisors. Harvard faculty, 1960-61.